Terminology
*Information regarding gemstone lore and metaphysical properties has been compiled from various sources and is for entertainment purposes only. No claims or promises are expressed or implied.*
B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Abalone Shell:
(also called “Paua”
or “Sea Opal”) comes from a large marine mollusk found in the shallow
coastal waters around New Zealand. It’s brilliant iridescence and
intense variation of color, that seems to change when viewed from
different angles, makes it the most popular and beautiful of all shells.
African Amazonite:
(See Amazonite)
African Jade:
(See Jade)
African
Opal: is the industry name given a
semi-opaque to opaque stone found in Africa. Although it lacks the translucency
and fire of gem quality opal, its earthy colors have earned it a place in the
gemstone market. African Opal is generally beige with darker beige or
brown mottling and veining. It is also found in various shades of white, yellow,
brown and green.
African Turquoise:
while beautiful in its own right, is not true mineral
Turquoise. Rather its the industry name given to a
natural bluish-green Jasper found in Africa that has a
very similar brown to black matrix structure.
Afghan Jade:
(See Jade)
Agate:
is the name given to a wide selection of
Chalcedony, a form of microcrystalline
Quartz (SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)
which is a cryptocrystalline.
It is a hard stone, usually within the range of 7-9 on the Moh's scale. It is characterized by its fineness of grain and
brightness of color. Although the same mineral compound as
Jasper, Agate is usually more translucent while Jasper refers to its opaque
relative. It should also be noted that the names for Chalcedony and Agate are
often used
interchangeably, although the term "Agate" is typically used to describe the banded
varieties of Chalcedony.
Agate can be many different colors, and because its banding is so variable, different types of it have been given many different descriptive names. Many types of organic material have been fossilized by Agate, where the organic material has been replaced slowly over a long period of time, so that the original structure of the inclusion has been retained. Fossilized or petrified wood is an attractive form of Agate. Most Agate forms are naturally colored, while others are heated or permanently dyed for decorative effect.
This gemstone is specifically generated in eruptive rocks or in primeval lava zones and are often found in the form of rounded nodules or geodes. When split or sliced, these show their banding to good, sometimes startling effect. In some geodes there is a central cavity, in other the center is hollow. The Native Americans of the western American states referred to these Agate nodules as "thunder eggs".
Agate is the oldest stone in recorded history and has been used in jewelry since Biblical Babylonian times. Agates were used to ward off storms and were prized gems in antiquity. Traditionally, Agates with banded colors were once placed at the head of a sleeper to give rich and varied dreams. Agate is considered a protection stone. It is believed to attract strength and offer protection from bad dreams, stress and the draining of energy.
Agate is the Mystical birthstone for September. It is also the birth stone for the Zodiac sign of Gemini. Agate is the accepted gemstone for the 12th and 14th wedding anniversaries.
Black Agate: is believed to relieve stress, give
protection and increase courage.
Blue Agate:
actually refers to a
translucent, color enhanced Chalcedony Quartz, while
"Blue Lace Agate" is the industry
term used to define the natural form of this unique Agate variety.
Blue Lace Agate: is a unique
natural form of Agate, pale blue in color, laced with bands or swirls of
white to grey to periwinkle. It is among the most popular and rare
varieties of Agate. It is said to be a calming and uplifting stone
that relieves stress by fostering peace and tranquility when gazed upon.
Dragon Vein Agate:
(also known as “Crab
Agate” or “Fire Crackle Agate”) is created by heating agate until
fractures appear, then enhancing the contrast of the cracks by filling
with a permanent surface additive.
Eagle Eye Agate:
has white-green to yellow-grey splotches and swirls. It is said to
enhance creativity and strengthen intelligence.
Fancy Agate:
is the general term used to describe a translucent, multi-colored and
richly patterned variety of Agate. While almost identical in mineral
composition to Fancy Jasper, the term "Agate" is used to describe the
translucent variety of this stone while "Jasper"
refers to its more opaque relative.
Golden
Leaf Agate: (also called "Golden Leaf
Jasper") is a deep
brown microcrystalline stone with mid to dark tan or gold
patterns pressed through it. Although the term "Agate" usually refers to
a translucent, banded form of Chalcedony, this
stone is primarily an opaque brown with a gold color surfacing from deep
inside. Thus, the alternate reference to "Jasper". While all Agates are considered protection stones, Gold
Leaf Agate in particular is said to help lift depression and
increase friendliness and happiness.
Green Agate:
is the of the many color varieties of
Chalcedony
Quartz. While the color green can occur naturally in banded Agates, the
majority of the solid colored beads sold on the jewelry market are
usually color enhanced.
According to Feng Shui, green is a benevolent and humanistic color. Like
all color, it affects us even when we don't know it. In this stone, the
spiritual power of green is said to combine with the natural benefits
attributed to Agate. It is said that
Green Agate corresponds to someone who is compassionate, generous, has
good fortune and a keen sense of justice. It is also claimed to encourage those
traits in others while worn.
Montana Agate:
is best known for its warm, deep browns and oranges. Translucent to
transparent in appearance, Montana Agate derives its name from the
Yellowstone River and its tributaries where it is found among the gravel
deposits of the Pleistocene Age. Montana Agate is said to help balance
emotions, discern the truth, accept circumstances and is useful as a
powerful emotional healer. Agate is the mystical birthstone for the
month of September and the birth stone for the zodiac sign of Gemini.
Moss Agate:
is best known for its mottled moss or leaf-like inclusions within a
translucent to clear background. While sharing the same mineral
composition as Agate, it is found in fissures or as pebbles rather than
in a layered or geode form like most Agates.
Moss Agate is often referred to as the "Gardener's Stone" and
is said to be helpful to farmers in ensuring a good crop by way of
encouraging rain, abundance, the fertility of plants, the protection of
the earth, and helping one to better communicate with animals and
plants. It is has also been credited for being beneficial in regards to
prosperity, success, congeniality, compatibility, healing, restoration,
creativity, confidence and strength. Some believe Moss Agate to also be
helpful when fostering new friendships or seeking a compatible lover.
Natural Agate: is the general
term used to describe an Agate in its natural form that is brown to
reddish brown, orange, tan, grey, white or any combination of these colors.
Natural Agate is said to foster love,
create an appreciation of nature, provide abundance, and soothe
emotions.
Pink Agate:
is partially translucent with opaque pink and cream flecks, swirls or
banding. It is said to be a grounding stone that brings balance emotionally,
physically and intellectually; harmonizing the Yin and Yang. Pink Agate
is also credited for enhancing mental function and improving concentration, perception and
analytical abilities as well as helping one to overcome negativity and bitterness of the
heart. In addition, Pink Agate is associated with parental love
and is said to be beneficial in strengthening the bond between parent and child.
Red Agate:
in its natural form is usually banded, but the term is also generally
used to describe any form of Agate or translucent variety of
Chalcedony Quartz that has been color enhanced
by heat treatments or dyes. Red is the color that
symbolizes happiness and wealth. While all Agates are considered
protective stones, Red Agate in particular is said to guard the
property of its owner against theft. It is also claimed to
be beneficial in strengthening the kidneys, relieving colic and healing
kidney infections.
Sardonyx Agate:
[See Sardonyx]
Tree Agate: is
distinguished by its green mottling and veining against an opaque white to grey
background. While all Agates are considered protective stones, Tree
Agate in particular is said to assist with introspection and
relieves tension. Like its close relative, Moss Agate, Tree Agate
is also believed to be beneficial to gardeners in bringing about plentiful crops.
White Agate:
(sometimes referred to as "Snow Quartz" or "Snow Jade") is a translucent
to opaque variety of Chalcedony Quartz with
little or no banding. White is the color that symbolizes purity and
therefore is associated with spiritual inspiration and overcoming
negative emotions. It is claimed to attract good fortune by eliminating
bad luck. It’s color is said to represent and aid in increased
concentration, clarity and promote good will. Helps one to overcome
flaws, fears and loneliness. Its calming effect during times of stress
gives a sense of strength and courage. While all Agates are considered
protection stones, White Agate in particular is
credited by some to be a powerful healing stone, said to be especially
beneficial for bone and marrow allergies.
Yellow Agate:
While the term "Agate" typically refers to the banded varieties of this
gemstone, "Yellow Agate" is the general description used by the jewelry
industry to define any translucent Chalcedony
Quartz that is either naturally colored or color enhanced by heat
treatments or dyes. While all Agates are considered protection stones,
the color yellow
is thought to encourage maturity and growth. Yellow Agate is said
to help the wearer increase their inner vision and introspection, while
dissolving tension and strengthening rational thought.
* * *
Alabaster:
This substance is sulphate of lime or gypsum.
Alabaster is mostly white in color, sometimes it will have just a "hint" of soft
colors as well.. It is a very soft stone, 2 on a scale of 1-10 and is therefore
used as an ornamental stone in sculpture and is easily carved into jewelry,
charms, etc. It is especially popular in Italy, its country of origin (Volterra,
Tuscany). Alabaster is the gemstone which
honors the 37th wedding anniversary.
* * *
Alaskan Jade:
(See Jade)
Albite Jade:
(See Jade)
Amazonite:
(sometimes called "Amazon Stone") is a semi-opaque to opaque variety of microcline
Feldspar that
varies from light verdigris green to a bluish green, with mottled and sometimes light striations. The blue-green color results from small quantities of
lead and water. Amazonite is a relatively soft stone, ranging from 5-6
on the Moh's scale. It is most commonly found in the United States, Brazil, Zimbabwe,
Russia, Australia, Namibia.
Amazonite derives its name from the Amazon river, and was used extensively by the people of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and the Sudan. It is also referred to as the "stone of courage," others believing the stone to be named after the legendary Amazon women warriors. Amazonite is credited for enhancing creative expression, aligning astral bodies, giving one a sense of unity with life, and improving self worth. It’s considered to be a soothing stone that offers confidence and works on the throat chakra. Amazonite is also called the "hope stone" by many, in the belief that it helps to inspire confidence and hope.
* * *
Amazon Jade: (See
Amazonite)
Amber:
begins as sticky resin oozed from ancient pine trees. Small insects, plant
material, feathers, dirt, debris and other small objects in the path of the flow
became entrapped. Over time, through a
process of heat and pressure, the resin hardens and fossilizes to become stone.
Amber increases in value with the rarity and perfection of an entrapped
object. Complete insect specimens are rare and command top price. Deposits have
been found that range between 360 and one million years old and belong between
the Carboniferous and Pleistocene geological periods. Amber can range in
color from dark brown to a light almost clear lemon yellow, and is sometimes
color enhanced through a heat process finishing what nature started.
Most of the natural Amber sold on the jewelry market is from the region of the Baltic Sea or the Dominican
Republic.
The gemstone Amber is one of the birthstones listed for the Sun Sign of Taurus. Other properties said to be attributed to Amber include love, strength, luck, healing, protection, calming for hyperactivity and stressed nerves. Also credited for being helpful in finding humor and joy. Legend says that Amber was believed to provide magicians and sorcerers with special enhanced powers. Some believe it to also be beneficial for removing energy blockages and strengthening the physical body as well as enhancing altered states of consciousness.
* * *
American Jade:
(See Jade)
Amethyst: comes from the
Greek word A, meaning "not" and Methuskein, meaning "to intoxicate"; a reference to the
ancient belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. It is the
most highly valued and recognizable gemstone of the macrocrystalline
Quartz family. It is prized as a semiprecious gem for its violet color. It contains more iron
oxide (Fe2O3) than any other variety of Quartz, and
experts believe that the color is the result of its iron content.
It is said that Amethyst magnifies psychic abilities and right-brain activity. It is credited for strengthening the immune system, while energizing and purifying the blood. Some believe it to also be beneficial in relieving headaches and improving blood sugar imbalance. Amethyst is the modern birthstone for the month of February and people born under the zodiac sign of Aquarius (Water Bearer). It is also the anniversary gemstone representing the 4th and 6th year of marriage.
* * *
Apache
Tears: are small rounded
Obsidian nuggets, embedded with a
grayish-white pearlite, that have been naturally rounded and smoothed by wind and
water. The name comes from an Apache legend which tells of a band of
warriors who were surrounded by the Cavalry and driven from their mountain hideout to the edge of a cliff. Rather than be captured, they chose to jump.
When their wives happened upon them they were overcome by their grief and cried black tears, which hardened and can still be found at the base of mountain ranges
till this day.
It is said that carrying an Apache Tear can help one cope with loss, sorrow and grief. Like all varieties of Obsidian, it is believed by some to be beneficial in releasing emotions and promoting forgiveness by helping one to remove self-limiting blocks. For this reason, Apache Tears are said to also be useful as a reminder when you want to let go of a bad habit, addiction, or change a negative pattern.
* * *
Aquamarine:
The
name aquamarine comes from aqua (Latin
for 'water'), and marine, deriving from marina (Latin
for 'of the sea'). It is
a pale-blue to light-green variety of beryl. The color of
Aquamarine
can be changed by heat (though this practice is frowned upon by collectors). It
has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Moh scale. While
Aquamarine
often contains no inclusions, it
can have them, noticeable or not, composed of content such as mica, hematite or
saltwater.
* * *
Aragonite:
is a Calcium Carbonate, sometimes with some Strontium, Lead, and
Zinc (CaCO3 ). Aragonite varies in color and can be white, gray,
colorless, yellow, pale green, violet, or brown. It is also the primary mineral
that makes up the organic compound commonly known as
Mother of Pearl. It was first discovered
in Aragon province, Spain where its name derived. Other primary sources for
Aragonite are Mexico, Morocco, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Aragonite is said to be a grounding stone. It is often used to center and ground physical energies and is said to be very useful during stressful times. Aragonite is also believed to stabilize the base chakra, as well as strengthening one's connection with the earth. It is credited for warming the extremities by bringing energy through the entire body, promoting calcium absorption, as well as relieving night twitches and muscle spasms. Said to foster truth, stability, understanding and clear perception.
* * *
Australian Jade:
(See Jade)
Autumn Jasper:
(See Jasper or Epidot)
Aventurine: is a translucent to opaque variety of
Quartz
that measures a hardness of 6.5 on the Moh's scale. It is best
recognizable by its
inclusions of shiny minerals, usually mica or hematite, that give the stone a sparkling effect
known as 'aventurescence'. It derives its name from the Italian term "a ventura," which means "by chance".
Aventurine ranges in color from green, peach, brown, blue and a
creamy green. Deposits are found in Chile, Spain, Russia, Brazil,
Austria, and Tanzania.
Green Aventurine: is the
star sign for Libra and the planetary stone of Taurus. Legends say that it is an
all-purpose healer, used to reduce stress, develop confidence, imagination and
improve prosperity. A story from ancient Tibet says that Aventurine was used to
improve near-sightedness and to increase the wearer's creativity. Many believe
that Aventurine has the capacity to calm a troubled spirit and bring about inner
peace.
Peach Aventurine: is said to
help with decision making and boosts creativity.
Red Aventurine: is said to
enhance creativity and the ability to see
possibilities. Believed to bring prosperity and lessen negativity.
* * *
Azurite:
(also called "Lazurite") is an intense deep blue colored copper
mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. It is also known
as 'Chessylite' after the Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France, where
striking specimens have been found. A fairly soft stone, it registers a
hardness between 3 and 4 on the Moh's scale. Different sources claim the
name is derived from the Persian word "lazhward" or from the Arabic word
"azul", both of which mean "blue". It often occurs with
Malachite,
Chrysocolla or
Turquoise areas with copper deposits.
Azurite is found in
Australia, Chile, France, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, the southwestern USA,
and Zaire.
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Black Agate:
(See Agate)
Black Onyx:
(See Onyx)
Blackstone: is another
name used for Black Jasper,
a
variety of microcrystalline silicon dioxide--a form of
Chalcedony with a Moh's hardness of 7.
Blackstone (Black
Jasper) is said to have a highly protective energy. It also has very healing
energy. Blackstone is said to bring good luck to the bearer in a fight, whether
it be a mental, political, legal, or other type of fight. It is also used for
protection against lightning. Blackstone is said to have energies of determining
value; It was used as a touchstone for determining gold content in allows for
thousands of years. In addition it has the other properties of Jasper.
Physically, Blackstone is said to be helpful for relieving pain, stomach
ailments, foot problems, and hip Dysplagia. Blackstone is related to the root
chakra.
* * *
Block: is the general term used to describe either a reconstituted or man-made gemstone reproduction which may or may not contain any natural byproduct or stone partials. The reference to "block" more often describes the process whereby a mixture of resins and dyes are combined to produce a loaf sized block suitable for carving small heshi beads and intricate pieces for inlay work.
Bloodstone: (also called "Heliotrope"), is a green stone with
red spots. It also occurs in shades of dark green with red, brown and
multicolored blotches. The iron minerals cause the deep red and brown
colors. Bloodstone is the dark-green variety of the silica mineral
Chalcedony that has nodules of bright-red
Jasper distributed throughout its mass. Its
physical properties are those of Quartz.
Polished sections therefore show red spots on a dark-green background,
and from the resemblance of these to drops of blood it derives its name.
"Heliotrope" derives its name from Greek words meaning "sun" and
"turning". In the Middle Ages,
Bloodstone was attributed special powers as the spots were thought to be
the blood of Jesus Christ. It was used in sculptures representing
flagellation and martyrdom.
Bloodstone is found in Australia, Brazil, China, India, Africa and the
USA (Wyoming).
In ancient times, Bloodstone was thought to be able to stop hemorrhages with the merest touch. Bloodstone is said to relieve stomach and bowel pain, strengthen blood purifying organs and improve blood circulation. Bloodstone has a positive influence on a bladder. Bloodstone is also used to help one become more knowledgeable in the ways of the world and is believed to be a very magical stone.
* * *
Blue Agate:
(See Agate)
Blue Goldstone: (See
Goldstone)
Blue Lace Agate:
(See Agate)
Blue Onyx:
(See Onyx)
Blue Quartz:
(See Quartz)
Brecciated Jasper:
(See Jasper)
Butter Jade: (See Jade)
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Candy Jade:
(See Jade)
Carnelian:
(also called "Cornelian") is a
translucent, semiprecious variety of the silica mineral Chalcedony
Quartz that owes its red to reddish brown
color to dispersed hematite (iron oxide). It is a close
relative of Sard, differing only in the shade of red and has a hardness
of 7 on the Moh's scale. Carnelian is
also referred to by other trade names like, Red
Chalcedony and Red
Agate. Carnelian is mined
in Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, India, U.S.,
Russia and parts of Africa.
Carnelian is the zodiac birthstone of Virgo (Aug. 22 to Sept. 22). Hindu astrologers name it as a secondary stone for Aries (Mar. 21 to April 20) and Scorpio (Oct. 24 to Nov. 22). Carnelian is associated with Thursday and Friday. The Arabs associated it with the month of July. It is referred to as a "sun stone" and thought to symbolize the element of fire. Carnelian is also considered to be a stone of great spirituality. In addition, it is believed by some to be a medicinal gem with a wondrous capacity for bestowing mental and physical healing properties.
* * *
: (also called "Pipestone") is a beautiful, deep rose-red color with occasional flecking named after the 19th century American artist, George Catlin. Catlinite is a soft red siltstone (or hardened clay) that occurs as outcroppings in southwestern Minnesota. Its reference to "Pipestone" comes from the Native American’s historical use of the material for creating ceremonial objects and ornamentation. It is still considered a sacred stone by the indigenous people of the plains, and remains the stone of choice for their traditional prayer pipes. Pipestone is very soft with Moh's Scale hardness of 1-1/2 to 2.* * *
Catseye:
True cat's eye is a form of chrysoberyl Quartz, sometimes called
"Cymophane". It is a rare and valuable gemstone, which is often underrated
as being a "semi-precious" stone. "Chatoyancy" or "chatoyance",
is literally taken from the French word meaning "cat's eye". The effect
is a strong banded reflection caused by tube-like or needle-like
crystals running along the length of the stone. The optical effect is
seen best in chrysoberyl Quartz varieties, but is also found in a few
other gemstones like Star Sapphires and Tigereyes. Genuine Catseye
Quartz is very rare. Most of the inexpensive Catseye sold on the jewelry
market today is a manmade version of quartz crystal glass.
* * *
Chalcedony: is a variety of Quartz that is formed, not of one single crystal, but of finely grained micro crystals is known as microcrystalline. The variety of Chalcedony Quartz available is even greater than that of macrocrystalline Quartz because it includes cryptocrystalline with patterns as well as a wide range of solid colors. Agate, Jasper, Onyx and Carnelian are all members of the microcrystalline and/or Chalcedony family. Chalcedony has a waxy luster, and may be semitransparent or translucent. It measures a hardness of 7 on the Moh's scale. The term "Chalcedony" is derived from the name of the ancient Greek town Chalkedon in Asia Minor, in modern English usually spelled Chalcedon, today the Kadikoy district of Istanbul.
It is said that Chalcedony was used as a sacred stone by some Native America tribes, promoting stability within their ceremonial activities. Chalcedony is said to augment emotional balance, vitality, stamina, endurance, kindness, charity and friendliness. It is believed to alleviate hostilities, irritability and melancholy.
* * *
Chalk Turquoise:
is a term used to describe a lower grade
Turquoise that
has been dyed and stabilized with hardeners to produce a material
that's durable enough to use in jewelry with a pleasing turquoise color. It has the same
phosphate composition as Turquoise, only with lower amounts of copper, aluminum
and/or iron. It's the metal content that
results in the green to blue turquoise color. More recently, the name "Chalk Turquoise"
is being applied to Reconstituted Turquoise
or dyed Magnesite (MgCO3).
Chalk Turquoise has become a popular substitute for high-grade Turquoise
that is becoming increasingly more expensive and rare. It can now be found in a
variety of new and contemporary colors such as lime green, bright yellow, pink
and lavender.
Cherry Quartz:
(See Quartz)
Chinese Jade:
(See Jade)
Chinese Turquoise:
(See Turquoise)
Citrine:
also called "Citrine Quartz" is variety of
Quartz. It ranges in color from a pale yellow to brown. Citrine has ferric iron
impurities, and is rarely found naturally. Most commercial Citrine is in fact
artificially heated Amethyst or Smokey Quartz. Brazil is the leading producer of
naturally mined Citrine, with much of its production coming from the state of
Rio Grande do Sul. Citrine registers a hardness of 7 on the Moh’s scale
Citrine is said to stimulate one's mental capacities, enhance creativity and intuition, and strengthening self confidence. Gives emotional control while making one more alert. Helpful in assisting, acquiring and maintaining wealth. Citrine is also one of three traditional birthstones for the month of November.
* * *
Coral:
is among the most ancient of gemstone
materials. It is not actually a stone, but rather the calcified structures of
once living tiny marine animals called "polyps", whose habitat resembles tree
branches. Coral ranges in color from white to red, with a Moh’s Scale hardness
of 3.86. Coral is found in sea beds ranging from 20 to 1,000 feet in depth, and
is becoming increasing more valuable and harder to find as our reefs begin to
shrink due to pollution and overuse.
Coral is said to be good for helping to settling the restlessness within. Such as tempers, rages, and compulsive disorders. Helps to balance and center. Also said to protect against depression and despondency. Believed by some to provide protection and guard against violence, accidents and thefts. Said to calm emotions and restore harmony, as well as being beneficial in the relief of fevers, colds, Asthma and digestive problems.
* * *
Chrysocolla:
is a copper bearing
mineral that is often confused with
Turquoise. A relatively soft stone, it has variegated colors of blue
and green and is most often found wherever copper deposits occur,
especially in the southwestern US, Australia, Chili, Zaire, England and
France. Chrysocolla is associated with the feminine energy and is said
to foster communication and creativity.
* * *
Crystal Quartz:
(See Quartz)
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Dalmatian Jasper:
(See Jasper)
Dalmatian Stone:
(See Jasper)
Dalmatiner:
(See Jasper)
Denim Lapis:
(See Lapis)
Dumortierite: (also
called "Dumorterite"), is a fibrous and variably colored aluminum boro-silicate
mineral, Al6.5-7BO3(SiO4)3(O,OH)3,
named after Eugene Dumortier, a French paleontologist. Dumortierite is found in
aluminum rich regionally metamorphosed rocks and in pegmatite veins.
The crystals are vitreous and vary in
color from brown, grey, blue, and greenish blue to more rare violet and pink. It
has a Moh’s hardness of 8.5. The most common form of Dumortierite is
Dumortierite quartz (a.k.a. Blue
Quartz) and its color is derived from an abundance of dumortierite
inclusions. It is mined in Canada, France, Italy, Madagascar, Namibia, U.S.
Nevada, Norway, Poland and Sri Lanka.
Blue Dumortierite: is sometimes mistaken for
Sodalite and has been used as imitation
Lapis Lazuli. Blue
Dumortierite is said to enhance
organizational abilities, self discipline and orderliness. Also believed to encourage one to see
and accept reality.
Red Dumortierite:
is closely related to Jasper, and is also referred
to as "Spotted Jasper." It contains mottle or swirled patterns of cream
to grey combined with pinks to brick reds.
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Epidot:
more commonly called "Autumn
Jasper", is a close relative of
Unakite.
This gemstone of mottled red, green and pink symbolizes emotional security and
is therefore believed to give emotional stability to the wearer.
SEE EPIDOT (AUTUMN JASPER) BEADS
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Fancy Agate:
(see Agate)
Fancy Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Feldspar:
derives its name from the German words:
"feld", meaning "field", and "spar", meaning "easily cleaved
material". It refers to any of the several groups of crystalline minerals that
consist of aluminum silicates with either potassium, sodium, calcium, or barium.
Feldspar is an essential component of nearly all crystalline rocks and
constitutes a total of 60% of the earth's crust. It’s hardness ranges from 6 to
6.5 on the Moh’s scale.
Feldspar is said to help one to let go of the old and embrace the new. Inspires one to set and reach new goals, and assists in self-awareness and self-love. Also claimed to be useful in the treatment of skin and muscular problems.
* * *
Flame Jasper:
(See Jasper)
Fluorite:
(also called "Fluorspar") is a
mineral composed of calcium fluoride, (CaF2). The name Fluorite is
derived from the Latin "fluo", meaning "flow". Fluorite is most popular for
it’s rich purple color which rivals that of Amethyst,
but also for its wide range of other colors including yellow, blue, pink and
green which can often be found banded together in a single stone creating a
rainbow effect. The ancient Egyptians used Fluorite to carve statues and
scarabs, the Chinese have used it in carvings for over 300 years. Locations
where Fluorite is mined include Canada, USA, South Africa, Thailand, Peru,
Mexico, China, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Norway, England, and Germany.
Fluorite is said to absorb and neutralize negative vibrations, while also making one more receptive to the vibrations of other stones. Fluorite is known as the "Genius Stone" and is said to increase concentration and help in decision making.
* * *
Fire Jasper:
(See Jasper)
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Garnet:
The word "Garnet" comes
from
the
Latin word "granatus", meaning "grain"; thought to be a derivative of
the term "punica granatum" (pomegranate) because the Garnet
crystals embedded in rock had the color and shape of pomegranate seeds..
While Garnets are most associated with the color red,
they occur in every color, from transparent to opaque, and include
different varieties based on mineral composition.
The
six most common species of Garnet are Pyrope, Almadine, Spessartite,
Grossular, Hessonite, Tsavorite, Uvarovite and Andradite. Garnets of deep red,
violet-red and black come from Arizona in America, South America,
Ceylon, India, and Australia. Green, dark green, cinnamon, brownish
yellow, and jade green garnets come from Switzerland, Ceylon, and South
Africa. Bright apple green Garnets (called Tsavorite) come from Russia
and Finland. Typically the standard deep red-brown colors you see in
stores are inexpensive and come from India, South America, Russia and
North America. Garnets range from a 7.0 to 7.5 on the Moh’s scale of
hardness and is the traditional birthstone for the month of January. It
also symbolizes the 2nd and 6th wedding
anniversary.
Garnets are said to hold power for healing, strength, and protection and are often worn to relieve inflammations of the skin. It is also believed to regulate the heart and blood flow and aid in curing depression. In earlier times, Garnets were exchanged as gifts between friends to demonstrate their affection for each other and to insure that they would meet again.
* * *
Golden Leaf Agate:
(See Agate)
Golden Leaf Jasper:
(See Jasper)
Golden Tigereye:
(See Tigereye)
Goldstone:
Is a manmade stone, a type of
synthetic glass made with copper or copper salts in the presence of a reducing
flame. Under normal oxidative conditions, copper ions meld into the silica to
produce transparent bluish-green glass; when the reduced Goldstone melt cools,
the copper remains in atomic isolation and precipitates into small crystalline
clusters. The finished product can take a smooth polish and be carved into
beads, figurines, or other items suitable for semiprecious stone. In fact, Goldstone is often mistaken or misrepresented as a natural material.
The manufacturing process for Goldstone was discovered in seventeenth-century Venice by the Miotti family, which was granted an exclusive license by the Doge. Persistent folklore attributes the discovery and secrets of Goldstone to an unnamed Italian monastic order, giving rise to the alternate name "Monk's Gold" or "Monkstone". Another name, "Stellaria", is based on the starry internal reflections.
Goldstone has been called the stone of ambition and drive. Because of the copper, Goldstone is believed to embody many of the metaphysical properties of copper, including strengthening the circulatory system, strengthening bones, and easing arthritis pain.
* * *
Green Agate:
(see Agate)
Green Aventurine:
(see Aventurine)
Green Turquoise:
(see Turquoise)
Heated: Gemstones are sometimes heat treated to enhance color and clarity, finishing the process that nature started. Color enhancing by heat in most varieties and species of gem is permanent and stable under normal wear and repair.
* * *
Hematine:
(also Hemalyke or Hemalike) is an reconstituted version of
Hematite. Hematine is widely used in jewelry because
pure mineral Hematite is fragile and brittle. It is made of ground Hematite or
iron oxide mixed with a binder or resin. Hematine is sometimes magnetized to
further simulate the properties of raw mineral hematite.
Hemalike:
(also Hemalyke or Hematine) is an reconstituted version of
Hematite. Hemalike is widely used in jewelry because
pure mineral Hematite is fragile and brittle. It is made of ground Hematite or
iron oxide mixed with a binder or resin. Hemalike is sometimes magnetized to
further simulate the properties of raw mineral hematite.
* * *
Hemalyke:
(also Hemalike or Hematine) is an reconstituted version of
Hematite. Hemalyke is widely used in jewelry because
pure mineral Hematite is fragile and brittle. It is made of ground Hematite or
iron oxide mixed with a binder or resin. Hemalyke is sometimes magnetized to
further simulate the properties of raw mineral hematite.
* * *
Hematite: is the mineral form of Iron(III) Oxide
(Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. It is a very common
mineral, colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red.
It is mined as the main ore of iron. Hematite is also referred to as "Kidney
Stone" because of it's rust red color when ground into a powder or scratched
onto a surface. The name Hematite is derived from the Greek word for
blood (haima). Hematite in its natural form is soft and brittle and is
between 5-6 on the Moh’s scale of hardness. Black Hematite has a silvery-gray
luster while other forms, such as Tiger Iron, have
alternating bands of silver and black Hematite mixed with
Red Jasper,
Chert or even Tigereye Quartz. Good specimens of
Hematite come from England, Mexico, Brazil,
Australia and the Lake Superior region of the United States and Canada. However,
most of the silvery-black Hematite sold on the jewelry market today is a
reconstituted form that is made by grinding up
Hematite, adding a binder and then
press-molding or carving it.
Sometimes called "Hemalyke" or "Hematine", it is
identical to Hematite in appearance and weight, except more stable and wearer friendly.
Since Hematite is associated with blood, it is said to aid in the treatment of blood-related illnesses such as hemophilia, anemia, heart, kidney and liver diseases, cardio-vascular weakness, menstrual cramps, and nose bleeds. Hematite was also believed by Native Americans to be a remedy for dental problems, pimples, canker sores and alcohol abuse. Because of it's magnetic properties, it is also said to help with muscle spasms, joint pain and arthritis.
Hematite is also associated with the ability to bring about a calm mental state, improve memory, mental focus and concentration, bolster self-confidence, and increase the effectiveness of logical processes of the brain. Considered to be an excellent stone for treating mental stress, and has a reputation for helping people bring order to mentally chaotic situations by drawing tension out of the body, neutralizing negativity and releasing anger. Hematite is also recognize its power for increasing mental function and is believed it can improve memory, mathematical processes, logic, creativity and mental dexterity. Finally, it is said to be an excellent aid in meditation, recognized for calming the mental state, tuning the consciousness and increasing the pathways that lead to inner knowledge.
* * *
Honey Jade:
It is said that Howlite is the stone of memory, knowledge and progress, and is claimed to encourage reasoning, observation, discernment, patience and tact. It also is believed to eliminate pain, stress and anger, and help balance calcium levels in the body, aiding in absorption and distribution.
* * *
* * *
or "Channel Inlay", refers to a jeweler's technique whereby small pieces of material, such as gemstone and shell, are fitted together much like a puzzle or mosaic to create a finished pattern or design.* * *
is a popular and interesting gemstone, and is the gem variety of the mineral cordierite. It is a transparent, violet-blue, light blue, blue, rich blue-violet gemstone that has been compared to a light blue Sapphire. It is this reason that it is sometimes called a "Water Sapphire". The name "Iolite" comes from the Greek word for "violet", and has a Moh’s scale hardness of 7. Iolite is found in Sri Lanka, Burma, Australia's Northern Territory, Namibia, Brazil, Tanzania, Madagascar, Connecticut, and the Yellowknife area of the Northwest Territories of Canada.It is said that Iolite is helpful in discovering the lost parts of one’s self and hidden inner talents. It is a stone of vision and creative expression. It is also said to help one to eliminate debt by accepting responsibility which leads to successful management of money; has been a stone worn by Shamans in the past to insure accuracy of visions; and also believed to aid in the elimination of disharmony in relationships.
* * *
Jade: is an ornamental stone. The term "Jade" specifically applies to two different rocks, Nephrite and Jadeite, that are made up of different silicate minerals. Both types of Jade are tough, since they consist of dense, close-grained, matted aggregates, but they differ from one another in their chemical composition and colors. Nephrite ranges mainly from mid to dark green or grey-green, but it can also be white, yellowish or reddish. Rarer, and somewhat tougher, Jadeite displays hues which include green, but also white or pink, and reds, blacks, browns and violets. In both minerals, the way the color is distributed varies a great deal. Only in the very finest Jade is the color evenly distributed. Both Nephrite and Jadeite often have veins, blemishes and streaks running through them, though these may not always be regarded as flaws. On the contrary, some of these patterns are considered particularly valuable.
!!! It is important to note the term "Jade" is being used more commonly on the jewelry market today to refer to any number of stones that closely resemble Jade, but are not a true Jadeite or Nephrite. Serpentine, Chalcedony, Grossular Garnet, Jasper and Quartz are often nicknamed, mislabeled and/or misrepresented as Jade. Below is the *short* list of the many varieties of stones referred to as "Jade", along with a more accurate description of their corresponding meanings.
Afghanistan Jade: (also called "Afghan Jade") is actually a form of
Serpentine called "Bowenite" named after the country
where it is mined. It is translucent to opaque, varying in color
from white, light to dark green and can also occur with yellow, black or
pink.
African Jade: (also called
"Transvaal Jade")
is actually a dark green Grossular Garnet which is
mined in South Africa and resembles Nephrite Jade, only darker in color with
more opacity. It's dark green color comes from fossilized algae that is
over 2 billion years old.
Alaskan Jade: is actually a mineral
formation called "Pectolite" which is mined in Point Barrow, Alaska
where it derives its name.
Albite Jade: (also
called "Water Mill Stone" or "Mawsitsit" ) is not a genuine
Jadeite or Nephrite,
rather a mineral combination of white "albite"
Feldspar and green Actinolite. Albite Jade tends to have a
white streaked look with the minerals it combines with.
Amazon Jade: is not a genuine Jadeite
or Nephrite, rather a form of green to bluish
green Feldspar more commonly referred to as "Amazonite".
American Jade: (also called "California Jade" or "Californite")
is actually a type of green Vesuvianite that is also referred to as
green "Idocrase". Deposits are found in Happy Jack mine, Siskiyou County
and near Pulga, Butte County, California. For this reason, it has also
been given the names "Feather River Jade", "Happy Camp Jade", "Pulga
Jade" and "Vesuvianite Jade".
Australian Jade: (also called "Jadine") is actually Chrysoprase, a variety of
natural green microcrystaline Quartz called "Chalcedony"
that contains small quantities of nickel. Its color is normally a
semi-opaque apple green, but can also vary to dark green.
Butter Jade: (also called Butterstone) has a creamy
yellow color and is another form of African Jade and/or Grossular Garnet (see above). It is an
over 2.5 billion year old mineral specimen from the Greenbelt zone of South
Africa which is known to contain micro fossil evidence of the first life on
earth. Sometimes referred to as the "Dream Stone", it is said to help one to
remember and resolve our dreams, transform negative energy into positive energy,
and build confidence.
Candy Jade: is created from a white
Jadeite or Chalcedony Quartz that is put
through a complex heating and color enhancing process that penetrates the
surface through to the center with vibrant colors.
Chinese Jade: is a
Nephrite Jade with a Moh's
hardness of 6 to 6.5. To the Chinese, Jade is the most prized mineral, even if
it is less expensive than gold or diamond. Jade is felt to be more 'alive' and
is associated with merit, morality, dignity and grace.
Fu, Lu, Shou Jade: is the Chinese name given to a
tri-colored Jade. Fu, Lu and Shou are three deities representing the
three desires of ordinary people. Fu symbolizes Fortune and
wealth, Lu symbolizes rank and success, and Shou
represents longevity. Wearing this multi-colored stone is believed to
provide help in the pursuit of these desires.
Honey Jade: is actually a variety of
semi-translucent golden Jasper with a very similar look
and mineral composition to Jade. Honey Jade is believed to be a powerful emotional balancing
stone. It is said to radiate divine unconditional love. It dispels negativity
from the third chakra (solar plexus) and has been used by the ancients {and some
current} primitive tribes as a sacred stone, assisting one in access to the
spiritual worlds.
Imperial Jade: refers to
emerald green variety of Jadeite which comes from
only one mine in Myanmar (Burma). Only Jadeite with elements of Chromium
(Cr++) are considered Imperial Jade. They are deep green in color
and very valuable. The paler green formation of the same stone is due to
the presence of iron (Fe) but is not considered to be "Imperial Jade"
and therefore not as valuable as the dark green variety.
Imperial Mexican Jade: or "Mexican Jade" is not a genuine
jade (Jadeite or Nephrite),
rather a color enhanced Calcite (Marble) that has been dyed green.
Jadeite:
is the real deal. It is a genuine Jade. Prized for its hardness
and ability to be intricately carved, Jadeite is the rarer of the two
types of Jade, the other being Nephrite, and
therefore is more expensive and valuable.
Lantian Jade: is actually a form of Serpentine called "Tremolite". It is generally yellow and light blue and is much softer than true Jade. It derives its name from where it is mined in Lantian Xian county of the Shaanxi province of central China.
Malaysia Jade:
is a term used to describe a dyed or color enhanced, translucent variety
of Quartz, typically
Chalcedony.
Mountain Jade:
is a term used to describe a type of dyed or color enhanced Dolomite Marble.
Nephrite Jade:
is the real deal. It derives its name from the Latin term: "lapis
nephriticus", meaning "Kidney Stone," since it was often worn to
remedy diseases of the kidneys. Nephrite Jade is the second type of the
two minerals commonly known as Jade, Jadeite being
the other. Nephrite is more common than Jadeite and is generally
forest green and a bit fibrous in appearance with a Moh's hardness of 6
to 6.5. While mainly mined in Canada, it is also found in Taiwan,
Australia, New Zealand, China, US and Russia.
New Jade: is a form of semi-translucent
Serpentine that is
commonly a light to medium green color in soft hues and mottled designs.
*New Jade*
Serpentine is said to have the
same spiritual values as green Jade. Because it produces a tranquil mood, it
helps us when we're depressed, especially when we feel stuck in a situation.
Like green Jade, *New Jade* Serpentine can help you get grounded, so you can
live with the situation and feel more tranquil while you're doing it.
Peace Jade: is
actually a mixture of Serpentine, Stichtite, and
Quartz.
The
result is a beautiful stone showing subtle blends of spring green and creamy
white with the occasional hint of lavender.
Red Jade: is form of
Jadeite with a Moh's hardness of 6.
Red jade is due to the oxidation process of ferrous oxide which
is usually found on the crust surface. !!!
On the jewelry market, the color is often
enhanced by heat treatment or dyes. More typically, *Red Jade* is often
the common term used for a translucent Chalcedony
Quartz that has be color enhanced or dyed. Also referred to as "Malaysian
Jade".
Shoochow Jade: isn’t
an actual Jade (Jadeite or
Nephrite), rather a form of antigorite
Serpentine called "Bowenite" that is mined in Shoochow China. It is
hard and compact, ranging in color from green, blue-green to grey-green with shades approaching yellow. Other areas of deposit are found
in Afghanistan, China, New Zealand, South Africa, and US Rhode Island
where it has been adopted as the state mineral. However, its scarcity on
the jewelry market is due to low demand and world prices which have made
it uneconomical to mine.
Snow Jade: is the common term
used to describe a translucent to
opaque white variety of Quartz. More accurately
referred to as "Snow Quartz" or "Milky Quartz".
Xui Jade: (also called "Xiuyan
Jade") is not a genuine Jadeite or
Nephrite, rather a form of
Serpentine - Mg6[Si4O10](OH) - named after Xiuyan city in
LiaoNing province of northeastern China where it is mined. This same
mineral is also mined in Gansu China where it is called "Jiuquan Jade"
and in Guangdong where it is referred to as "Xinyi Jade." This form of
Serpentine is usually translucent and light green color. The most
desirable specimens are clear, watery in appearance without clusters of
black or solid white inclusions. While it is fairly uniform in color,
some variations in the saturation of green can produce colors which
range from ivory to dark green.
Zi-Pao Jade: (also
known as "Purple Jade"), is from the Guizhou Province of China.
Zipao Jade, with its colors of green and dark purple, is a mineral made
up of Sericite and Ferric Oxide with a Moh's hardness of 3 to 5.
* * *
Jasper:
is a
fine grained opaque crypto-crystalline variety of Quartz (Chalcedony) that forms
in a multitude of varying colors and patterns. Found worldwide, Jasper often
contains organic material and mineral oxides which give it interesting patterns,
bands and colors. Its hardness ranges from 6.5-7 on the Moh's scale and was a
favorite gem in ancient times and is referenced in Greek, Hebrew, Assyrian and
Latin literature. Legend says that
Jasper would drive away evil spirits and protect against snake and spider bites.
In the fourth century, it was thought to bring about the rain. Jasper is
believed to be
protective. Credited for aligning the chakras, balancing the yin yang energies,
as well as
stabilizing and healing. Jasper is also one of the birth stones listed for the
sun
sign of Virgo and regarded the mystical birthstone for the month of October.
Autumn Jasper:
(also called "Epidot")
is a close relative of Unakite. This gemstone of
mottled red, green and pink symbolizes emotional security and is therefore
believed to give emotional stability to the wearer.
Brecciated Jasper:
is best recognized by its spotted and swirled blends of black, rich
browns, brick reds, and creams. It is believed to enhance organizational
skills,
relax and bring about sense of wholeness, encourage kinship with animals
and alleviate animal related allergies. Said to inspire happiness, create a
more positive outlook on life, and relieve stress.
Dalmatian Jasper: (also called "Dalmatian Stone" or "Dalmatiner")
is named after the Dalmatian dog breed, whose spotted coat it resembles.
It is believed to be beneficial in increasing patience and
removing disillusionments while inspiring loyalty to one's partner, making it
helpful towards fostering long term relationships.
Fancy Jasper: is an opaque mix of creamy beige or
gray with lavender, green, pink, orange or red swirls and speckles.
It is considered a stone of gentleness and relaxation, believing
it enhances one's ability to relax by inspiring tranquility, comfort &
wholeness.
Fancy Jasper is credited for embodying both nurturing and protective energies.
Flame Jasper:
(also called "Fire Jasper")
contains swirled and mottled shades of red, gray and earthy browns in
both opaque and translucent colors.
Golden Leaf Jasper: (also called "Golden Leaf
Agate") is a deep brown microcrystalline stone with mid to dark tan or gold
patterns pressed through it. Although the term "Agate" usually refers to
a more translucent and/or banded form of Chalcedony,
the terms are used interchangeably to describe this particular
stone which is primarily an opaque brown with a gold color surfacing from deep
inside. While all Jaspers are considered protection stones,
Gold Leaf Jasper in particular is said to help lift depression and
increase friendliness and happiness.
Kambaba Jasper: comes from Africa. It contains a exotic mix
of black, greens and browns in patterns of speckles and concentric
rings. It is believed to help with the soothing of nerves and state of
mind. It is also said to be beneficial for plant growth and health, as
well as helpful for dietary stabilization, absorption of vitamins and
minerals, and ridding the body of toxins.
Kiwi Jasper: and
"Sesame Jasper" are interchangeable trade
names for a black speckled stone often mixed with translucent
crystalline formations. To avoid confusion, we use the term "Kiwi
Jasper" to refer to the light green variety of this stone while "Sesame
Jasper" better describes the white or lighter colored form of this
mineral.
Leopardskin Jasper: is mottled with red, yellow,
brown and pinkish spots like the coat of a leopard. It is
believed by some to assist and protect during physical
and spiritual travel. Also said to encourage proper decision making and
responsibility.
Ocean Jasper:
(also called "Orbicular
Jasper") was discovered as recently as 1997 along the shores of
Madagascar, which is how it came by its name. It is distinguished by its
earthy brown tones blended in swirls and circular patterns. Like all
Jaspers, Ocean Jasper is considered a protective stone.
It is said to also be beneficial to the digestion system as well as
removing toxins from the body.
Poppy Jasper: contains mottled shades of red,
pink and black gemstone, and derives its name because it looks like a
field of pink and red poppy flowers. Like its close relative,
Brecciated Jasper, It is said to benefit one's
relationship with animals and help alleviate animal allergies.
Rainforest
Jasper: (also called "Ryolite") is
an opaque mossy green gemstone sometimes flecked with tans, brown and
occasional clear spots. Rainforest Jasper is said to encourage change and creativity,
resolve insecurity, increase self-esteem, foster healthy relationships
and improve communication skills.
Red Jasper:
is a rich red stone that sometimes contains dark grey or black
stripes of Quartz. Red Jasper
is said to help with remembering dreams, as well as protecting its owner from danger and helping
one to
balance an unfair situation.
Red River Jasper:
(also called Lightening Jasper) is a red with off white, tan, gray to
black streaks that comes from Africa. Is said to help promote courage,
alertness and spiritual energy when faced with an unpleasant task. Also
credited for enhancing blood flow and stimulating circulation.
Ribbon Jasper:
(also spelled Riband Jasper) is a banded Variety of
Jasper with parallel, ribbonlike stripes of alternating colors or
shades of color.
Sesame Jasper: and "Kiwi Jasper" are interchangeable trade
names for a black speckled stone often mixed with translucent
crystalline formations. To avoid confusion, we use the term "Sesame
Jasper" to refer to the lighter, white variety of this stone while "Kiwi
Jasper" better describes the pale green version of this mineral.
Silver Leaf Jasper: is a finely patterned
and banded Jasper containing shades of cream, black, browns or reds. It
is believed by some to provide protection and good luck.
Tiger Jasper: is
best recognized by its golden background streaked with dark brown
stripes, resembling the markings of a Tiger.
Zebra Jasper: contains stripes of black or
brown on a background of white, gray or tan. Zebra Jasper is said
to be very helpful with balancing energy and allowing the wearer to see
both sides of a situation.
* * *
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Kambaba Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Kiwi Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Kunzite:
Kunzite is the light pink to violetish purple variety of the
silicate spodumene. It forms naturally as colorless, pink, lilac, yellow
and green crystals. The yellow-green to emerald variety is known as Hiddenite,
or Green Kunzite. The colorless to light yellow variety is known as Triphane, or Spodumene. Genuine
Kunzite is quite pale in color, with natural
darker shades being higher in value. There are some heat-enhanced varieties on
the market. All Kunzite is prone to fading in direct sunlight. It’s found in
Afghanistan, Brazil, Madagascar, Canada, Russia, Mexico, Sweden, Australia and
the US states of Connecticut and California. The gem was named after pioneering
gemologist George Frederick Kunz (1856-1932). It has a moderate
hardness of 6-1/2 on the Mohs scale.
KUNZITE is believed to be a soothing stone, encouraging a sense of peace and calm. It's believed to relieve nervousness, stress and anxiety, making it easier to rest and sleep. For this reason it's also referred to as the "mother's stone" because of it's claim to help pacify children and babies.
.
* * *
Kyanite:
derives its name for the Greek word "kyanos", meaning "blue". It is a polymorph stone with two other
minerals; andalusite and sillimanite. Kyanite is an attractive mineral
that has a near sapphire like blue color in some especially nice specimens. It
has a unique characteristic in that it has a wide variation in hardness in the
same crystal. The hardness of Kyanite is approximately 4.5 when scratched
parallel to the long axis of the crystal and approximately 6.5 when scratched
perpendicular to or across the long axis. As its name suggests, Kyanite is
usually blue but it can also be white, gray or green and is often found in a
combination of all colors. It is mined in Brazil; North Carolina and Georgia,
USA; Switzerland; Russia; Serbia; India and Kenya.
Kyanite is said to encourage loyalty, honesty and tranquility while discouraging anger and confusion.
* * *
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Labradorite:
derives its name from the Labrador
Peninsula in Canada where it was first found in 1770. It is a
Feldspar
mineral, a series of compounds including sodium, and calcium aluminum
silicates with a Moh’s Scale hardness of 6. As well as being mined in
Norway and the former USSR, there is also a blue semi-transparent
variety called "Spectrolite" that is only found in Finland. Labradorite is
gray to green with iridescent flashes of purple, blue and yellow. The reflective
properties of this unique stone is also referred to as "Labradorescence".
Labradorite is said to be a power stone, allowing you to see through illusions and determine the actual form of your dreams and goals. It is excellent for strengthening intuitions.
* * *
Lapis:
is the Latin word for "stone" and Lazuli
from the Arabic word "azula", meaning "blue". Lapis is
defined as a stone rather than a mineral because it is a
mixture of several different mineral deposits. The most distinctive
being the golden inclusions and/or veins of sparkling pyrite mixed
within the deep blue color that makes Lapis so unique among gemstones.
Lapis Lazuli is an opaque rock that mainly consists of diopside and
Lazurite. It came into being millions of
years ago during the metamorphosis of lime to marble. Lapis Lazuli
is an opaque dark blue color, often with golden inclusions and whitish
marble veins.
Denim Lapis: is the trade name for the paler blue
color phase of Lapis Lazuli, whose denim color has only become popular in recent
years. Denim Lapis gets its color due to mixture with other minerals such as
white calcite, occasionally speckled with yellow iron pyrites. Denim Lapis is
generally not as expensive as Lapis Lazuli because it is considered a lower
grade of the more popular dark blue Lapis color. It is found wherever Lapis is
found: Afghanistan, Argentina, Russia, Chile, and the United States.
Lapis Lazuli: is regarded by many people around the world as the stone of
friendship and truth. The blue stone is said to encourage harmony in
relationships and help its wearer to be authentic and give his or her opinion
openly.
* * *
Lapis Howlite:
(See Howlite)
Lemon Quartz:
(See Quartz)
Leopardskin Jasper:
(See Jasper)
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Magnesite:
(also referred to
as "Chalk Turquoise" or "Wild Horse Turquoise") is a magnesium carbonate mineral
(MgCO3)
similar in
crystal structure as Calcite. Visually, it can be difficult to
distinguish from Howlite, Dolomite or
Marble. Magnesite in its natural form is
typically an opaque white, but can also range in color from gray to tan
and sometimes contain light to dark matrix. Because it is a relatively soft and porous
stone, it takes well to color enhancements and stabilizers. Like
Howlite, it is often dyed and treated with hardeners to simulate more
expensive gemstones, such as Turquoise, and is
remarkably close enough to be mistaken for the real thing. Magnesite
is mined in Africa, China, Korea, Brazil and Europe. Recent deposits
discovered near the Globe Copper Mine in southern US Arizona have become
increasingly popular on the jewelry market because of its attractive
Hematite matrix. Although named "Wild Horse
Turquoise", by definition it is not considered a genuine Turquoise since it does not
contain any natural copper (blue) or iron (green).
Magnesite was traditionally used by the Indigenous people of US California to fashion beads which were exchanged much like currency. Contemporary spiritualists believe that Magnesite encourages creativity, inspires passion, and helps one to center during meditative states.
* * *
Mahogany Obsidian:
(See Obsidian)
Malachite:
is a carbonate mineral, copper
(II) carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2.
Except for the vibrant green color, the properties of Malachite are very
similar to those of Azurite and the two minerals are frequently found
together, although Malachite is more common than Azurite. The stone's
name derives (via Latin and French) from Greek word "molochitis",
meaning
"mallow-green stone", and from the French word "molochē",
meaning
"mallow". Its banded light and dark green designs are one-of-a-kind, and
give it a unique ornamental quality unlike that of any other stone with
a Moh's hardness of 3.5-4. Large quantities of Malachite
have been mined in the Urals. It is found in the Democratic Republic of
Congo; Tsumeb, Namibia; Ural mountains, Russia; Mexico; Broken Hill, New
South Wales; England; Lyon; and in the Southwestern United States
especially in Arizona at Bisbee and Morenci.
Malachite is said to aid in the regeneration of body cells, as well as creating a sense of calm and peace that helps one to sleep. It has also been worn by some to detect impending danger. This beautiful green stone offers bands of varying hues and is believed by many to lend extra energy. It is said that gazing at Malachite or holding it relaxes the nervous system and calms stormy emotions. Malachite is also credited for bringing harmony into one's life as well as bestowing knowledge and patience. Traditionally, it was used as a children's talisman to ward off danger and illness. Malachite is the alternative birthstone for the zodiac signs of Capricorn and Scorpio and also represents the 13th wedding anniversary.
* * *
Malaysia Jade: (see Jade)
Marble:
is a metamorphic rock
resulting from the slow crystallization of limestone or dolostone. It’s composed
mostly of calcite (a crystalline form of calcium carbonate). The characteristic
swirls and veins of many colored marble varieties are usually due to various
mineral impurities such as clay, silt, sand, iron oxides, or chert which were
originally present as grains or layers in the limestone.
* * *
Mexican Turquoise:
(see Turquoise)
Milky Quartz:
(see Quartz)
Montana Agate:
(see Agate)
Mookite:
(also called "Mookaite" or "Moukaite") is a type of Jasper
that gets its name from where it’s mined in Mooka Creek, Western Australia. Mookite comes in warm, rich,
earthy tones of burgundy, pink, purple, and golden yellow interlaced with creamy
beige and white.
In Australia, Mookite is considered to be a healing stone that bestows strength. It is said to shield the wearer from difficult situations and to connect us to loved ones who have passed away. This gemstone is believed to bring us into the "here and now," aiding with problem assessment and decision making. Mookite is also said to help with glandular or stomach disorders, hernias, ruptures and water retention. Yoga enthusiasts use it for the first, second and third chakras.
* * *
Moss Agate:
(see Agate)
Mother of Pearl:
(also called "MOP")
is an extremely beautiful mineral that is
secreted by shelled mollusks, either oysters or abalone. These mollusks secrete
fine proteins whose chemical compound is calcium carbonate, the same that
is found in Coral, Marble and
Aragonite. While Mother of Pearl is usually a
glossy or very shiny white, it can also be a slight gray or iridescent color.
The reason behind Mother of Pearl’s iridescence is because the platelet
structure is the same size as the light waves that reflect from it.
Mother of Pearl is said to symbolism fertility and rebirth. It's luster and iridescence wear beautifully on most skin types.
* * *
Mountain Jade: (See Jade)
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Natural Agate:
(see Agate)
Nephrite Jade: (see Jade)
New Jade:
(see Jade or Serpentine)
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Obsidian:
is a type of naturally-occurring glass that results when
volcanic lava flow cools rapidly before crystallization forms. Because
of it’s lack of crystallization, it is considered a mineraloid,
or type of natural glass, rather than a true mineral. Pure Obsidian is
usually dark or black in appearance, though the color varies depending on the
presence of impurities. Obsidian was revered by ancient cultures. It was
one of the major barter materials and prized for its ability to be
worked to razor-sharp edges for arrows and spears. It has been used
since prehistoric times for making tools, masks, weapons, mirrors and
jewelry.
Mahogany Obsidian:
is the result of iron and magnesium being
introduced into the formation of the cooling lava glass.
This mottled black and dark red gemstone is said to
mirror back to us our own flaws so we are better able to correct them. It is
believed by some to induce visions and dreams which reveal to us our own role in
the difficult areas of our lives. Mahogany Obsidian is also
considered extremely protective. Wearing this gemstone is thought to improve
self-acceptance by removing negative self-talk. It is thought to have special
cleansing powers with respect to negativity.
Snowflake Obsidian:
occurs when the inclusion of
small, white clustered crystals called "cristobalite" in the black volcanic
glass produce a blotchy or "snowflake" pattern. Native Americans considered
Snowflake Obsidian a guardian to the Great Spirit and their
culture. This gemstone was believed to be a powerful psychic talisman and often
carried by Shamans. Snowflake Obsidian is thought to be
especially protective for women and believed to help with the inner reflection
needed to bring real change in difficult areas of one's life. Also said to
shield the wearer from negativity and grief, purifying the soul.
Snowflake Obsidian is thought by some to benefit the intestines and
digestive system.
* * *
Onyx: Onyx is a
Chalcedony Quartz that is mined in Brazil, India, California and Uruguay. It has a
fine texture and black color. However, some Onyx also displays white
bands or ribbons against a black or brown background and this variety is
known as "Sardonyx". The name derives from the Greek word "onux"
which means "fingernail" or "claw".
Originally, almost all colors of Chalcedony from white to dark brown and black were called "Onyx". Today when we think of Onyx we often preface the word with "black" to distinguish it from other varieties of that come in white, reddish brown, brown and banded. Onyx registers 6.5 on the Moh’s scale of hardness. Most of the Black Onyx that is commercially available today is color enhanced (heated and dyed) to increase its depth of color.
Onyx is one of the birth stones listed for the zodiac sign of Leo. It is also the mystical birthstone for the month of December and the stone representing the tenth wedding anniversary. Onyx is said to separate and help release negative emotions such as sorrow and grief. It is worn to defend against negativity and Black Onyx is said to have protective energies in the sense that black is the absence of light, and therefore, can be used to create invisibility. It is also believed to fortify self confidence and responsibility, sharpen your senses and encourage a healthy self esteem.
* * *
in its natural form is composed mostly of dolomite (opalized Fluorite) but often found with minerals such as Quartz and Chalcedony. Opalite is a beautiful, mesmerizing pinkish lavender that has a tendency to pick up other colors. Also called "Tiffany Stone", "Ice Cream Opal" and "Opal Fluorite".!!! Much of the inexpensive Opalite available on the jewelry market is actually a manmade quartz glass of gemstone quality that mimics the chemical compound found in natural earth formed stones. Also referred to as "Sea Opal", manmade Opalite is a translucent milky white, featuring a subtle color play of purple, blue, orange and yellow under the light.
Opalite is said to have calming properties that helps one to relax and sleep. It is also believed to help clarify underlying issues that interferes with your concentration and attention so that you can find resolution
* * *
Paua Shell:
shell (also
called “Abalone” or “Sea Opal”) comes from a large
marine mollusk found in the shallow coastal waters around New Zealand. It’s
brilliant iridescence and intense variation of color, that seems to change when
viewed from different angles, makes it the most popular and beautiful of all
shells.
Peace Jade: (see Jade)
Peach Aventurine:
(see Aventurine)
Pearl:
Peridot:
is the gem quality variety of
forsteritic Olivine that ranges a 6.5 to 7 on the Moh’s Scale of hardness.
The name of the gemstone is believed to come from either the Arabic word "faridat" meaning "gem", or the French word
"peritot" meaning "unclear."
Peridot is one of the few gemstones that comes in only one color. The depth of
green depends on how much iron is contained in the crystal structure, and varies
from yellow-green to olive and brownish green. Peridot is also often referred to
as "poor man's emerald".
Olivine is a very abundant mineral, but gem quality
Peridot is rather rare. Crystals have been collected from
iron-nickel meteorites, while Olivine formations of Peridot can
be found among lava beds. However, gem quality Peridot only
occurs in a fraction of these settings.
Peridot is mined in North
Carolina, Arizona, Hawaii, Nevada and New Mexico in the US. It is also found in
Australia, Brazil, China, Kenya, Mexico, Burma, Norway, Pakistan, South Africa,
Sri Lanka and Tanzania. The highest quality Peridot specimens are from the
eastern lava fields of Saudi Arabia.
Peridot is the official birthstone for the month of August as adopted by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912. It is also the stone for the zodiac sign of Libra. Peridot is thought to bring the wearer good luck, peace, and success. Its powers are said to include health, protection, and sleep. It is also credited for attracting love, calming anger, soothing nerves and dispelling negative emotions.
* * *
Petrified Wood:
(also called "Wood
Jasper"
or "Wood
Agate").
Buried for millions of years and deprived of oxygen, trees were unable
to decompose as normal. Instead, they were slowly fossilized as silica,
calcite, pyrite and opal seeped into the wood’s cellular structure and
replaced it. This crystallization process formed the hard-as-stone
material known as
petrified wood.
Even though it’s no longer wood, the minerals have preserved the tree’s
appearance and structure… including the bark and tree rings. It is often
referred to as Wood
Jasper if
the fossil is opaque, or Wood
Agate if
it is more translucent.
* * *
Picasso
Stone:
(also
called "Picasso Jasper" or "Picasso
Marble"), is a form of
metamorphic limestone that forms deep within the earth and is created by several
cycles of heat and pressure. The
irregular and striking patterns of color and lines are unique and named after the
artist Picasso, for its similarities to his brush strokes.
Picasso Stone is said to have strong metaphysical qualities of grounding and calming. Some claim it also promotes weight loss and assists in the development of creativity, as well as bestowing strength and self-discipline.
* * *
Picasso Stone, Red:
(see Picasso Stone)
Picture Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Pink Agate:
(see Agate)
Pink Lace Agate:
(see Agate)
Pipestone:
(also called "Catlinite") is a beautiful, deep rose-red color with occasional
flecking named after the 19th century American artist, George Catlin.
Pipestone is a soft red siltstone (or hardened clay) that
occurs as outcroppings in southwestern Minnesota. Its reference to "Pipestone"
comes from the Native American’s historical use of the material for creating
ceremonial objects and ornamentation. It is still considered a sacred stone by
the indigenous people of the plains, and remains the stone of choice for their
traditional prayer pipes. Pipestone is very
soft with Moh's Scale hardness of 1-1/2 to 2.
* * *
Poppy Jasper:
(see Jasper)
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Quartz: from German
word "Quarz", is the
second most common mineral in the Earth’s continental crust. It is made up of a
lattice of silica (SiO2) tetrahedra and has a hardness of 7 on the
Moh’s scale. Quartz goes by an array of different names.
The most important distinction
between types of Quartz is that of macrocrystalline (individual crystals
visible to the unaided eye) and the microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline
varieties (aggregates of crystals visible only under high magnification), often
referred to as "Chalcedony".
Blue Quartz: is either lab-grown or
color enhanced to produce
its unique, unnatural color. Synthetic or "lab-grown"
gemstones have the same chemical, physical, and optical characteristics as their
naturally occurring counterparts.
Cherry Quartz: as it occurs naturally is rare and is
more often referred to as "Strawberry Quartz."
Strawberry Quartz gets is color from sparkly hematite needles and is mined in
Russia and Mexico. However, most of the inexpensive
Cherry Quartz sold on the jewelry market today
is either a color enhanced Quartz or a manmade gemstone with thin swirls and needles of pink.
Cherry Quartz boasts the pink cherry color that sold very well in 2003 and 2004.
The process of producing "lab-grown" or synthetic Cherry Quartz is
laborious and only one plant in China is said to be producing this gem quality
glass.
Crystal Quartz: is the most
common of all Quartz varieties. In its natural form, it is more often referred to as "Rock Quartz."
This colorless, transparent gemstone has a simple beauty. While Crystal
"Rock
Quartz" is naturally occurring, this gemstone can also be
duplicated and is occasionally manmade or "lab-grown", which is chemically
and visually
identical to the mineral found in nature. Much like a Cubic Zirconia is to a Diamond. Crystal Quartz is said to be a
stone of harmony & power, with the ability to bring the energy of the stars into the soul.
It is believed to stimulate
brain
function, help with clarity of the mind, dispel negativity and
facilitate healing.
Lemon Quartz: (also called "Lemon Citrine" or "Prasiolite") is a
light yellow variety of macrocrystalline Quartz, different only
to Amethyst and Citrine in color. It is more lemon in color than its
relative Citrine, which is often more golden
yellow in color. Natural Lemon Quartz is mined in Brazil and
Africa, but more often this color is achieved by heating
Amethyst (another color variation of Quartz)
together with iron to finish the process nature started. Lemon Quartz
is believed to help eliminate negative thoughts and lift depression.
Rose Quartz: This blushing gemstone is one of the
most desirable varieties of Quartz. The unique pink-to-rose-red color is
caused by iron and titanium impurities in the natural stone. However,
most of the Rose Quartz distributed on the jewelry market today has been dyed to maintain a uniform
color. Rose Quartz is said to be symbolic of love and beauty.
It is credited for restoring
youthful qualities, especially as it relates to the skin, and believed
to help foster self esteem.
Tourmalated Quartz:
is a formation of Quartz which contains "needle like"
Tourmaline crystals
that are common and attractive. Other interesting inclusions also found
are rutile, gold, silver, pyrite and goethite. It is also referred
to as "Sagenite", "Venus Hair Stone", "Cupid’s Darts" and "Fleches
d'amour".
Smoky Quartz:
(also called "Smokey Citrine" or "Smokey Topaz") is a transparent to
translucent brownish-black or
"smoky" grey Quartz stone. Most of the inexpensive
Smoky Quartz sold on the jewelry market is actually a natural Rock Crystal
Quartz that has been
heat-treated to produce this unique color,
finishing what nature started. This
treatment has become common because this
naturally formed variation is rare and difficult to find. Smokey Quartz is said to
alleviate stress and transform fear, anger
& other negative emotions into positive energies. It is believed to promote clarity of thought,
improved intuition, heightened instincts, as well as stimulate higher awareness
in meditative states.
Snow Quartz:
(also called "Milky Quartz", "Quartzite" or "White Jade") is the second most common
variety of Quartz. This fresh, icy-white gemstone gets its
appearance from inclusions of tiny gas bubbles and/or water. Snow Quartz is said to bring good fortune, and is a calming and soothing
gemstone. Many believe it to be helpful for meditation and looking within. It
is
also considered beneficial for the immune system.
Volcano Quartz: (also called
"Volcano Cherry Quartz") is a manmade or "lab-grown"
Quartz that has the same chemical, physical, and optical
characteristics as natural quartz. Volcano Quartz is best recognized for
its striking inclusions and striations of varied colors incased within
clear crystal, giving it a three-dimensional effect.
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Rainbow Fluorite:
Rainbow Jasper:
Red Agate:
(see Agate)
Red Aventurine:
(see Aventurine)
Red Goldstone:
(see Goldstone)
Red Howlite:
(see Howlite)
Red Jade:
(see Jade)
Red Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Red River Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Riband Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Ribbon Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Red Tigereye:
(see Tigereye)
Rhodochrosite:
is a manganese carbonate whose name derives
from the Greek word "rhodon", meaning "rose," with a Moh’s Scale hardness
of 3.5 to 4. It is a very attractive mineral with an absolutely one-of-a-kind,
beautiful color consisting of variations of light pink to dark rose, sometimes
streaked with swirling patterns of cream and pale grey calcite. Also called
"Inca Rose Stone", "Raspberry Spar" or "Maganese Spar", it is similar in color
to Rhodonite, except that it is softer and lacks the
black veining associated with its close relative. Rhodochrosite is found in the
US, Argentine, Mexico, Namibia, South Africa, Spain and Romania.
Rhodochrosite is said to help develop inner freedom by neutralizing the destructive behavior patterns that restrict personal growth and undermine physical health. It is also said to bring love to the wearer, help release past psychological issues and improve eyesight.
* * *
Rhodonite:
is a manganese inocilicate that derives its name from
the Greek word "rhodon", meaning "rose," with a Moh’s Scale hardness of 5.5
to 6.5. While similar to Rhodochrosite, Rhodonite
is typically a deep pink to mauve color, sometimes with inclusions of black
manganese oxide veins running through it, giving it a distinct appearance.
Rhodonite can be found in Russia,
Australia, Sweden, Brazil, and even Massachusetts and New Jersey in the United
States.
Rhodonite is believed to be a calming stone that decreases anxiety and stabilizes your emotions, helping one to pay more attention to detail. It soothes and brings order to feelings that are scattered, imbalanced, or ungrounded. Some believe that Rhodonite can increase language skills and raise self-esteem. The pink color of Rhodonite is said to enhance passionate love, while the black inclusions keep the wearer grounded. Physically, some believe that Rhodonite helps to restore physical energy after a trauma, improves hearing, gives relief to emphysema, eases joint pain and inflammation, decreases sensitivity to light, and even helps with strep throat.
* * *
Rhyolite:
(also known as "Cuprite") is very
closely related to granite. The difference is Rhyolite has much finer
crystals. It is predominately composed of Quartz,
Feldspar, Mica, and
Hornblende. The name Rhyolite is derived from the Greek word "rhyx"
which translates to "streams of lava". Although some use the terms
Ryolite and Rhyolite interchangeably, the names
used to define their colors varies greatly. The stone referred to as
"Rhyolite" by geologists is generally described as being grey, brown, or
reddish in color with streaks or patches.
Rhyolite is regarded as a stone of resolution and perseverance. It is said to enhance all types of communication (written, oral and body language) as well as helping to listen clearly - without distorting the message that one is hearing. It is also thought to be a wonderful stone for meditation. Rhyolite is said to balance the Yin/Yang (feminine and masculine) energies. It is believed to be beneficial to those who are reclusive and solitary, fostering the trust necessary to allow others into their lives. It is also considered a stone of protection. Physically, Rhyolite is thought to be beneficial for cleansing the liver, cell regeneration and overall healing.
* * *
Rose Quartz:
(see Quartz)
Russian Amazonite:
(see Amazonite)
Rutilated Quartz:
(see Quartz)
Ryolite:
(also known as "Rainforest Jasper") is a rock
composed mainly of Copper and Quartz. Although some use the terms
Ryolite and Rhyolite interchangeably, the names used to define their
colors varies greatly. Ryolite is an opaque mossy green gemstone sometimes
flecked with tans, brown and occasional clear spots. Its a relatively soft stone
registering a 3.5 to 4.0 on the Mohs Scale of hardness. The name Ryolite was
derived from the Greek word "rhyx" which translates to "streams of lava".
Although gem quality Ryolite is often from Australia, it is also very common in
the southwestern and western areas of the United States. Other occurrences of
this gemstone can be found throughout the world.
It is believed that Ryolite encourages change and creativity. It is said to help one resolve feelings of continuous victimization while fostering self-esteem and the capacity to love. Ryolite is credited for enhancing communication and listening skills, helping one to comprehend without distorting what is being said. Some believe it helpful to those who are solitary and reclusive, promoting trust in allowing others to enter their lives and fostering healthy relationships.
* * *
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Sard:
is a reddish-brown Chalcedony Quartz (SiO2) that derives its name from Sardis, an ancient town in Lydia (now Turkey), where it was first discovered. It is also thought to come from the Persian word "sered", meaning "yellowish-red". Historically, Sard was valued as a gemstone by the Egyptians, early Greeks and Hebrews. Although closely resembling Carnelian, Sard is a much harder and duller stone. Like Carnelian, Sard is a silica mineral that gets it color from iron oxide, the content of which determines its varying shades of yellow, gold, orange, red and even brown. refers to a form of translucent Agate (Chalcedony Quartz) which is combined with bands of opaque Sard (brownish red) or opaque Onyx (white or black). Sardonyx is distinguishable in that its banding is straight and parallel, rather than curved or wavy as normally associated with most Agate varieties.Roman soldiers wore Sardonyx talismans engraved with heroes such as Hercules or the god of war, Mars. They believed that the stone would make the wearer as brave and daring as the figure carved from it. During the Renaissance, Sardonyx was believed to bring eloquence upon the wearer and was regarded with great value by public speakers and orators. This gemstone is believed by many to eliminate negative thinking as well as sharpen the wits of the wearer.
* * *
is a major rock forming mineral and is the general name applied to a large group of 20 various mineral combinations composed primarily of these minerals called "serpentinite". The name derives from the Latin word "serpeninus", meaning "serpent rock" which describes the often mottled and scaly appearance. Most Serpentines are opaque to translucent with a Moh’s Scale hardness of 2.5 to 4. All are microcrystallines, with a vitreous, greasy or silky luster. Serpentine colors can range from white to grey, yellow to green, brown to black, and are often splotchy or veined. Many Serpentinite rocks have metamorphosed with other minerals, such as calcite and dolomite, and its occurrence is worldwide.
* * *
Sesame Jasper:
Silver Leaf Jasper:
(See Jasper)
Smokey Quartz:
(See Quartz)
Snowflake Obsidian:
(See Obsidian)
Snow Jade: (See Jade)
Snow Quartz:
(See Quartz)
Soapstone: (also known as
"Steatite" or "Soaprock") are metamorphic rocks,
largely composed of Serpentine, talc, and carbonates (magnesite,
dolomite, or calcite). Soapstone is about as hard as limestone, but much more
dense, with a Moh’s Scale hardness of 1. Soapstone lends itself well to carving
and derives its name from its often soft, soapy feel to the touch.
* * *
is a rich royal blue member of the Feldspar family, named after its sodium content. Better known for its blue color, Sodalite may also be grey, yellow, green, or pink and is often mottled with white veins or patches. Although very similar to Lazurite and Lapis, Sodalite is never quite comparable, being a royal blue rather than ultramarine. Sodalite also rarely contains pyrite, a common inclusion in Lapis. It is further distinguished from similar minerals by its white (rather than blue) streaking and mottling of calcite. Sodalite registers a hardness of 5.5 to 6.0 on the Moh’s Scale.Sodalite is said to stimulate courage, alleviate fears and calm anguish. It is also thought to promote understanding and lend balance for spiritual growth.
* * *
Stabilized Turquoise:
* * *
Succor Creek Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Sugilite:
is a rare polycrystalline rock
consisting largely of manganoan sugilite. It was named after the Japanese
geologist, Ken-ichi Sugi, who discovered the first specimens in 1944. It was
only introduced to the American jewelry market as recently as 1984. Sugilite is
typically a deep lavender, less commonly reddish violet (magenta) or bluish
purple. Its purple color is due to the presence of manganese and often exhibits
banding, black matrixing, mottling or pleasing patterns of reddish brown or
yellow. Because of the presence of more than one of these hues; some pieces
appear bluish purple in daylight and reddish purple under incandescent light.
Sugilite is typically opaque while some of the more rare and expensive stones
are beautifully translucent with little to no matrixing or blotching. Sugilite
has a waxy luster and ranges between 6 to 7.5 on the Moh’s Scale of hardness.
While first discovered in Japan, deposits have since been located in Canada and
South Africa.
It is said that Sugilite strengthens the heart, promotes physical healing and reduces stress. It is thought to balance the mind, body and spirit encouraging a sense of peace, well being and spiritual love. It is also believed that Sugilite both protects against and helps to dissipate anger and other negative energies.
* * *
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Tigereye:
(also spelled tiger’s-eye or tiger eye) is a
semiprecious Quartz gem displaying chatoyancy (a vertical luminescent band).
Tigereye typically has alternating yellow or
brown bands
that roll across the surface and catch the light,
resembling the eye of a tiger..
With a Moh’s Scale hardness of 7, its tawny brown color is derived from
iron oxides. However, when heated the stone’s color changes from brown to red,
thus creating the alternative "Red Tigereye" also sold on the jewelry market today. The
most important mine for Tigereye is in South Africa, but it is also mined in
Western Australia, USA, Canada, India, Namibia, and Burma.
Roman soldiers wore Tigereye for protection in battle because it was thought to be "all seeing" due to its appearance. Physically, it is also said to relieve high blood pressure as well as psoriasis, bronchial asthma, kidney, rheumatic and heart diseases. Tigereye is believed to be useful in focusing the mind and is credited for giving protection during travel. It is thought to strengthen one’s convictions and confidence, thereby being very beneficial for the weak and sick.
* * *
Tiger Iron:
(sometimes called "Mugglestone") is an altered
sedimentary rock composed chiefly of Tigereye sandwiched
between layers of red Jasper and black
Hematite. The contrasting horizontal bands makes it a very attractive stone which is often
mistaken for Tigereye because of its similarities. It measures a 7 on the Moh’s
scale of hardness. While predominately mined in Australia, it has also been
unearthed in England, Mexico, Brazil, and the Lake Superior Region of the United
States.
Tiger Iron is thought to be a stone of clarity, particularly in regard to knowledge, in the belief that it helps one to see the truth below the surface. Tiger Iron is also credited for promoting creativity and inspiring all types of artistic abilities. It is used to bring strength, vitality, confidence, willpower, and balance. It is said to be an excellent stone for people wishing to bring more motivation into their lives. According to traditional folklore and contemporary spiritual healers, Tiger Iron is credited for balancing white and red blood cells, increasing natural steroid production, improving muscular structure, and promoting the healthy function of reproductive organs, liver, and nervous system.
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Tiger Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Tree Agate:
(see Agate)
Turquoise:
is a
hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum. It is rare and valuable in finer
grades and has been prized for thousands of years because of its unique color.
Historically, this gemstone has been known by many names, but the term
"Turquoise" is thought to be a derivative of either the 16th century French word
"turquois", meaning "Turkish" or "pierre turquin" meaning "dark blue stone".
Turquoise is a relatively soft stone with a Moh’s scale hardness just under 6.
It is typically opaque with a waxy luster,
but may be semi translucent in thin sections. Its
color can range from white to powder blue and sky blue as well as various shades
of green depending on its mineral properties --- blue being attributed
to the copper content while green is the result of either iron or
dehydration. Turquoise was
among the first gemstones to be mined, and while many historic sites have since been
depleted, few are still operational to this day. However, these are often
small-scale,
seasonal operations, due to the limited scope and remoteness of the deposits.
Many of the remaining sites are still worked by hand with little or no machinery,
while other Turquoise deposits are subsequently recovered as a byproduct of larger-scale copper mining operations,
especially in the United States. China has been a minor source of Turquoise for
3,000 years, as well as Mexico, Africa, Australia, Iran, Afghanistan,
and other middle eastern countries.
The indigenous tribes of Colorado, Arizona, Nevada and New Mexico have long fashioned Turquoise into ornamental jewelry, inlays and carvings. The Navaho believe Turquoise is a piece of the sky which has fallen to earth. The Apache associate it with the spirits of the sea and sky and believed it to help warriors and hunters aim accurately. The Zuni believe that Turquoise protects them from evil spirits, while the Aztecs reserved Turquoise for the gods and believed it was not to be worn by mere mortals.
Among contemporary spiritualists, Turquoise is thought to attract prosperity and success, influence creativity, and enhance communication skills. The stone has long been prized as a powerful talisman with healing properties. It is said that Turquoise can help balance the throat chakra, bolster the immune system and give relief to sore throats, lung infections and allergies. Turquoise is also the modern birthstone representing the month of December.
African
Turquoise: while beautiful in its own right, is not true mineral
Turquoise. Rather its the industry name given to a
natural bluish-green Jasper found in Africa that has a
very similar brown to black matrix structure.
Block Turquoise: is
the general term used to describe either a
reconstituted or man-made Turquoise reproduction which may or may not
contain any natural minerals or Turquoise partials. The reference to "block"
more often describes the process whereby a mixture of plastic
resins and dyes are combined to produce a loaf sized block suitable for carving
small heshi beads and intricate pieces for inlay work.
Chalk Turquoise:
is a term used to describe a lower grade
Turquoise that
has been dyed and stabilized with hardeners to produce a material
that's durable enough to use in jewelry with a pleasing turquoise color. It has the same
phosphate composition as Turquoise, only with lower amounts of copper, aluminum
and/or iron. It's the metal content that
results in the green to blue turquoise color. More recently, the name "Chalk Turquoise"
is being applied to Reconstituted Turquoise
or dyed Magnesite (MgCO3).
Chalk Turquoise has become a popular substitute for high-grade Turquoise
that is becoming increasingly more expensive and rare. It can now be found in a
variety of new and contemporary colors such as lime green, bright yellow, pink
and lavender..
Chinese
Turquoise: China has been a source of
Turquoise for over 3,000 years. Compact nodules of this mineral are found
among the fractured and solidified limestone beds of Yunxian and Zhushan, in the
Hubei province of mainland China. Additional sources were once reported by Marco
Polo to be found in present-day Sichuan. Much of the Turquoise from China
is wax impregnated. The paraffin treatment deepens and stabilizes the color but
only affects the surface.
Imperial Turquoise: is not a
true Turquoise, rather the industry term given to a form of
Jasper (Chocolate Jasper) which has been color
enhanced and stabilized to produce a unique and richly colored stone
truly worthy of its name.
Mexican Turquoise:
is very similar in color to the famed Sleeping Beauty
Turquoise of US, Arizona. It can be found in various shades of blue and
green with dark, sometimes black matrix. Turquoise
deposits in Mexico are very unique in that the mineral forms as nuggets in clay
material, rather than in rock veins. North-central Mexico has been exporting
Turquoise since the mid-1980s, but its significance, use and trade among its
indigenous people has been dated back as far as 300 A.D. Among the
Aztecs, Turquoise was believed to
be a sacred stone, reserved only for
the gods and never to be worn by mere mortals.
Reconstituted Turquoise: is the term used to describe the
process by which pulverized turquoise scrap from stone cuttings are mixed with
dyes and resin binders to produce recycled material large enough to use in other
applications. Compressed Nugget is a similar product made from larger pieces.
However, it should be noted that most of the Turquoise marketed as
"reconstituted" is actually a man-made simulated "block"
and may or may not contain any natural turquoise byproduct.
Stabilized Turquoise:
Natural Turquoise in its raw state is very soft and porous. "Stabilized" is
the term used to describe a
Turquoise in it’s natural form which has been permeated with a protective resin to
harden and protect the stone from pollutants (including oils from the skin)
which in time can change the original color or even damage the stone. Almost all
the Turquoise sold for use as jewelry has been treated in this fashion in
order to make it more wearer-friendly.
Wild Horse Turquoise:
is not a considered a genuine mineral Turquoise since
it does not contain any copper or iron which produces the various shades of blue
to green often associated with Turquoise. Rather its the industry name
given to a natural mineral formation consisting of white to tan
Magnesite
(MgCO3) that has combined with
Hematite to produce a unique light to dark matrix.
Yellow
Turquoise: is the mysterious newcomer on the scene. Although it
does exist in natural form, it is very rare and therefore expensive and
hard to find. With it’s increased popularity, much affordable "Yellow
Turquoise" has suddenly flooded the market to meet public demand, leaving
everyone to question and speculate about what it actually is. The general
consensus (so far) is that it’s quickly become the general term used by
manufacturers to describe a color-treated Chinese Turquoise,
Serpentine,
Limestone, Jasper or Dolomite Marble.
* * *
Turquoise Magnesite:
(see Magnesite)
Turquoise Howlite:
(see Howlite)
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Unakite:
was first discovered in the United States in
the Unakas mountains of North Carolina, where it gets its name. Unakite is an
altered granite composed of pink Feldspar, green
Epidot,
and generally clear Quartz. It is opaque in appearance
with mottled shades of green and pink. Unakite measures a 6 to 7 on the Moh’s
Scale of hardness.
Unakite is said to lift your spirits when you are feeling down and thought to help you to see the beauty in life. It is also used to uncover deception.
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Variscite:
is a relatively rare phosphate mineral
that appears similar to Chrysocolla and Turquoise.
Variscite derived its name from Variscia, the historical name of Vogtland
in Germany where it was first described in 1837. At times it had also been
referred to as Utahlite, named for the two major mines in Utah where
deposits have since been nearly exhausted. The remaining U.S. Clay Canyon
Variscite fetches top dollar and is prized by collectors for its range of
colors. It is also mined in U.S. Nevada as well as Australia, Brazil, France,
Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom.
Variscite is said to help with intuition and memory, particularly as it relates to past lives. It is also claimed to balance the central nervous system and ease depression, fear, worry, anxiety and impatience. It is attributed to helping one obtain virtue, self-reliance, moral courage and success.
Volcano Quartz:
(see Quartz)
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White Agate:
(see Agate)
White Howlite:
(see Howlite)
Whitestone:
Wild Horse Turquoise: (see
Magnesite)
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Yellow Agate:
(see Agate)
Yellow Jade:
(see Jade)
Yellow Turquoise:
is the mysterious newcomer on the scene. Although it does
exist in natural form, it is very rare and therefore expensive
and hard to find. With it’s increased popularity, much affordable
"Yellow Turquoise" has suddenly flooded the market to meet public
demand, leaving everyone to question and speculate about what it
actually is. The general consensus (so far) is that it’s quickly become
the general term used by manufacturers to describe a color-treated
Chinese Turquoise,
Serpentine, Jasper, Limestone, or Dolomite Marble.
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Zebra Jasper:
(see Jasper)
Zebra Stone:
(see Jasper)
